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President Donald Trump vowed to issue Americans a $5,000 "dividend" that could cost the federal government more than $1 trillion - but it's contingent on Republicans retaining control of Congress in the 2026 midterm elections.
Trump made the pledge Wednesday night during his nearly two-hour speech at the Republican Party's midterm convention in Dallas, promising to issue the payment to every adult citizen if the GOP wins both the House and Senate in November.
"Here is my promise: If the Republicans win the House of Representatives and the United States Senate, I will issue a dividend to every adult citizen in the United States of America for $5,000," Trump said.
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The president's proposal comes as the national debt hovers just north of $40 trillion and the federal government recorded a budget deficit of roughly $1.8 trillion in fiscal year 2025, according to the Congressional Budget Office.
The payments could cost approximately $1.2 trillion, based on the roughly 240 million adult citizens in the United States, potentially adding significantly to the government's eye-watering borrowing.
It's unclear where the money would come from, but the motivation behind the idea is crystal clear - Trump wants to incentivize voters who are feeling a pocketbook squeeze to keep his party in power so his agenda is not brought to a screeching halt should one of the congressional chambers flip blue in this year's midterms.
Vice President JD Vance suggested after Trump's speech that wealthy Americans could be excluded from the payments, potentially reducing the plan's overall cost.
"What the president is talking about is fundamentally a dividend for American workers," Vance told Fox News.
He also defended the proposal's funding by pointing to the administration's tariff revenue.
"We're taking an extraordinary amount of revenue because the president of the United States is standing up to both foreign companies but also foreign countries who have been taking advantage of America's workers," Vance said.
Treasury data shows the government collected a record $34.2 billion in customs duties in a single month. Since January, those collections totaled approximately $208.5 billion, still far below the estimated $1.2 trillion cost of Trump's proposed $5,000 payments.
However, those figures reflect gross tariff collections and do not account for refunds tied to tariffs that were later struck down by the Supreme Court.
The administration has since returned billions of dollars to importers, meaning the amount ultimately available to the government could be lower.
"If you keep us in power and allow us to continue to do these things, then you're going to share in some of the benefit of this incredible wealth that we are creating in the United States of America," Vance added.
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The White House has not provided specific eligibility requirements or a detailed funding proposal.
Trump said the dividend would be similar to a cash distribution from a successful company to its shareholders and indicated that the money would need to be spent in the United States.
The proposal would require approval from Congress before any payments could be issued. Trump does not have the unilateral authority to distribute the checks.
Trump has previously floated other direct-payment proposals, including a $2,000 tariff dividend and a plan to return a portion of government savings to taxpayers. Neither proposal has become law.
The president's latest pledge came as he urged voters to treat the midterm elections as a referendum on his administration.
"If the Republicans win, you win with us," Trump said. "Now all we have to do is win."
